Types of Rail Transit Brake pads
Release Time:
Nov 29,2022
Rail transit brake pads are a resource-constrained industry, and the raw materials of brake pads have a key influence on the performance of brake pads. Carbon-ceramic composite materials are currently the highest performance rail brake pad materials, but due to their high technical barriers and low degree of industrialization , so the market penetration rate is still relatively low; Powder metallurgy material brake pads are the mainstream products in the current rail transit brake pad market, and the market penetration rate is relatively high. The brake pads currently used in the high-speed railways of major high-speed rail countries such as Japan, France, Germany, and Spain are still mainly powder metallurgy brake pads.
The high-speed rail brake pad is an important part of the high-speed rail braking system. The braking system is one of the nine key technologies of the high-speed rail. The braking system accounts for about 9% of the cost of the EMU train. The high-speed rail braking system generally uses electric braking, air braking, and non-adhesive braking for combined braking, with electric braking as the mainstay, and air braking and non-adhesive braking as auxiliary.
Air brake belongs to mechanical brake. The common structural form of air brake is disc brake, which is to use compressed air to make the brake pads embrace the brake disc, and use the friction between the brake pads and the brake disc to generate braking force. . The brake pad and the brake disc form a pair of friction pairs, among which the brake pad is a key component to ensure the safety of high-speed train operation, and its performance directly affects the braking performance, the service life of the brake disc and brake pad itself and the safety of the train run.
With the rapid development of railway trains (rapid speed increase), brake pads are also undergoing continuous technical iterations. The most critical factor affecting the performance of brake pads is the material of the brake pads. The development trend of brake materials for brake systems is to develop brake material with excellent thermal conductivity, stable friction coefficient, high temperature resistance and impact resistance, wear resistance and friction reduction, and light weight.
In recent years, under the background of the rapid development of domestic and international railway transportation and the continuous increase of railway operating mileage, the number of rail transit vehicles has continued to increase, which has led to the continuous expansion of the market size of rail transit brake pads.
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Types of Rail Transit Brake pads |
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Types |
Features |
Applications |
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Cast Iron brake pads |
As the braking speed increases, the temperature of the cast iron brake pads increases, the friction coefficient decreases, and the wear increases; |
Usually only used for trains with a speed of about 100km/h; |
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Resin-based brake pads |
A composite material obtained by mixing binders, reinforcing materials, and friction modifiers and curing them under pressure and heat |
Usually, resin-based brake pads are used at a speed of 160-200km/h, and are mainly used in subways and ordinary speed trains |
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Powder metallurgy brake disc-iron base |
Iron-based brake pads have high heat resistance, strength, hardness and oxidation resistance, but they have affinity with cast iron or steel brake discs, and are prone to sticking. The friction coefficient fluctuates greatly at low speeds, and the friction surface is seriously damaged. When used as high-speed train brake pads, it is subject to greater restrictions. |
Mainly used in railway freight cars(wagons); |
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Powder metallurgy brake shoe - copper base |
Copper-based brake pads have good comprehensive performance and excellent braking effect |
The operating speed has been increased to 350km/h or higher, and can maintain a stable friction coefficient. It has been used in Japan's Shinkansen, France's TGV, Germany's ICE high-speed trains and my country's high-speed rail EMUs. |
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Carbon-carbon composite brake pad |
Light weight, high modulus, high specific strength, low thermal expansion coefficient, high temperature resistance, thermal shock resistance, corrosion resistance, good shock absorption and a series of excellent properties, these unique properties of C/C composite materials enable it to simultaneously complete friction. The three functions of the pair are to increase friction, transmit mechanical loads, and absorb kinetic energy. |
Due to the high cost, it is mainly used for aircraft brakes at present.
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Carbon-ceramic composite brake pad |
It has good resistance to high temperature oxidation and good friction coefficient stability, but its production cost is high, and the mass production process is complex, difficult and long-term |
Still in research stage. |
Rail transit brake pads are a resource-constrained industry, and the raw materials of brake pads have a key influence on the performance of brake pads. Carbon-ceramic composite materials are currently the highest performance rail brake pad materials, but due to their high technical barriers and low degree of industrialization , so the market penetration rate is still relatively low; Powder metallurgy material brake pads are the mainstream products in the current rail transit brake pad market, and the market penetration rate is relatively high. The brake pads currently used in the high-speed railways of major high-speed rail countries such as Japan, France, Germany, and Spain are still mainly powder metallurgy brake pads.
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